Percakapan antara Pasien dan Dokter
Aims
- To practise how to give orders and make prohibitions.
Vocabulary Review
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons.
agak, ambil, anggur, angkat, bangun, berangkat, bilang, capai, berdiri, demam, diseterika, gaji, hal, jendela, kawin, kelihatan, kurus, lidah, marah, masalah, meminjam, mendengarkan, mengeluarkan, menggosok, mengucapkan, minyak, miskin, Nyonya, panas, pernah, pokoknya, punggung, rok, sebentar, sebetulnya, sehat, supaya, tenggorokan, tidak usah
Use the following flashcards to review the Kosa Kata Lalu vocabulary items.
Kosa Kata Lalu Pelajaran 104
agak
[a]rather
[q]ambil
[a]to take
[q]anggur
[a]grape, wine
[q]angkat
[a]to raise, to lift
[q]bangun
[a]to wake up
[q]bayar
[a]to pay
[q]berangkat
[a]to depart
[q]bilang
[a]to say (coll.)
[q]capai
[a]tired
[q]berdiri
[a]to stand
[q]demam
[a]fever
[q]dengarkan
[a]to listen to
[q]diseterika
[a]to be ironed
[q]gaji
[a]salary
[q]gosok
[a]to rub
[q]hal
[a]a matter, thing
[q]jendela
[a]a window
[q]kawin
[a]to get married
[q]kelihatan
[a]to look as if
[q]kurus
[a]slim
[q]lidah
[a]tongue
[q]marah
[a]angry
[q] [a]a problem, an issue
[q]meminjam
[a]to borrow
[q]mengeluarkan
[a]to pull out, put out, remove
[q]mengucapkan
[a]to utter something, to say something
[q]minyak
[a]oil
[q]miskin
[a]poor
[q]Nyonya
[a]Mrs.
[q]panas
[a]hot
[q]pedas
[a]spicy
[q]pernah
[a]ever
[q]pokoknya
[a]in short, to put it in a nutshell, the important thing is, the bottom line is
[q]punggung
[a]a back
[q]rok
[a]a skirt
[q]supaya
[a]so that, in order that
[q]sebentar
[a]a short while, wait a minute
[q]sebetulnya
[a]actually
[q]sehat
[a]healthy
[q] [a]a throat
[q]tidak usah
[a]don’t have to
[/qdeck]Carilah kata-kata yang tersembunyi ini: apparently • matter • to lift up • to take • to borrow • tongue • to pay • to listen • tu rub, scrub • a problem • to iron
[/su_spoiler]Giving Orders
At various stages in the course so far you have met words and phrases that can be used to convey instructions to someone. They have all involved the use of auxiliary verbs. For example, you can use harus and perlu.
Negative commands (or prohibitions) can be made with tidak perlu, tidak usah and tidak boleh (but usually not tidak harus)!
In addition to using auxiliary verbs like this to convey instructions you can also use the main verbs themselves. You will recall that back in Module Five a distinction was described between intransitive and transitive verbs. Intransitive verbs are verbs like pergi, bangun, tidur, berjalan, menyanyi etc. These verbs don’t have an object and they never change their form (except if you are speaking informally when you can often drop the ber- or me- prefix). You can use intransitive verbs just as they are to give blunt orders.
Mohon Perhatian!
The particle -lah is quite often attached as a suffix to commands and prohibitions. It doesn’t have an easily describable meaning. Basically it adds polite emphasis. But it seems to have a variety of effects depending on context. For example, while it can make a command or prohibition more imperious and emphatic, in other contexts it can also ameliorate a command, making it sound pleading, or more polite, or less brusque.
Lah is especially commonly attached to intransitive verbs when they are used in commands. Thus Kamu bilang kamu bisa menyanyi. Baik. Nyanyilah!
Now let’s turn to transitive verbs. Transitive verbs, as you have seen, have objects and are formed by adding the active prefix meN- or the passive prefix di-. When you use a transitive verb to give an order, you must strip the meN- or di- prefixes and use only the stem form.
To issue a prohibition (that is, a “negative command” saying, in effect, “Don’t …”) jangan is placed in front of the verb. With intransitive verbs, this works fine.
But when we use jangan in front of a transitive verb, the verb can assume a variety of forms. In particular it can assume an active voice form with a meN- prefix (especially if you are talking about general issues and principles, rather than specific instances), and it can assume a passive voice form with a di- prefix (especially if you are talking about a specific thing that has already been mentioned).
To learn more about the imperative, consult Sneddon’s grammar 4.32-56
In these two exercises you will find vocabulary from previous lessons for you to review. The verbs are all represented in their imperative form.
Dikte
Exercise 104-01
Minyak angin is a kind of all-purpose patent medicine widely used throughout Indonesia. It takes the form of an oil (minyak) with a very strong liniment-like smell that is dabbed in small quantities on to the skin, especially on the neck, under the nose and behind the ears, and rubbed in. As its name suggests, minyak angin helps protect you from the effects of angin, especially the bad angin that can get inside you and cause you to feel ill (masuk angin). So it is often used at night as protection against unhealthy “night airs”, and by travellers in buses, cars and trains for protection against unhealthy draughts and blasts of wind.
Minyak angin is sold under many brand names. One of them is 1001 (seribu satu). Each tiny bottle of Minyak Angin Cap 1001 comes with a leaflet. In the leaflet below a number of instructions are given and a number of common minor ailments are mentioned. Some of the words and phrases in the leaflet are rewritten below on the right. Beside each one write an English translation, referring if necessary to the leaflet to check the context in which the word or phrase appears.
- yang dipakai untuk
- bermacam-macam penyakit
- perlu disimpan di setiap rumah tangga
- sakit kepala
- pilek
- sakit perut
- sakit gigi
- masuk angin
- gosoklah di hidung
- tidak boleh diminum
Doctor and Patient in Conversation: Some Useful Idioms
To help you talk more confidently about illness and health, here is a review of ten relevant phrases and patterns that have appeared previously in one context or another. With some tweaking and plenty of repetition, they will make a big contribution to the resources you can call on. Practise generating sentences from the sentence shells. Add items to columns where you can, and finish off the sentences where they are incomplete. Try also to visualise the situation in which the sentences might be used.
Exercise 104-02
To complete this IndoLingo exercise, record your voice, then download it and name the file Exercise 104-02. Send it to your IndoLingo Instructor. If you are not subscribed to IndoLingo, you may do this exercise as a written homework assignment.
IndoLingo & PR
IndoLingo allows you to record and download your voice. IndoLingo assignments contain various listening and speaking activities. You complete the IndoLingo assignment, record and submit it to your instructor or a native speaker.
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«The Indonesian Way« uses IndoLingo as a tool to provide students with the opportunity to communicate with a native speaker through the IndoLingo assignments, to actively use and develop their speaking skills, and to achieve a near-native pronunciation of the Indonesian language.
Task
Translate the following sentences into good Indonesian. Refer to the sentence shells and substitution tables above for models to help you with the translations.
- I suggest that you don’t eat sweet food.
- How long have you had an upset stomach? – – Just for the last two days.
- Walk to the window, please.
- Have you ever been in hospital?
- I have a headache and I vomit from time to time.
- I would like you to rest for the time being.
- I get the impression that you’ve been drinking too much alcohol.
- I’ve got to attend lectures, so I can’t help my husband.
- The problem is that my family is poor. We can’t buy this medicine.
- You look thin and sick. What’s wrong with you?
Do the following Latihan only AFTER you have completed Exercise 104-02!
Dialog: Dokter & Pasiennya
Here is a conversation between an Ibu Dokter and a pasien .
Listen to the following dialogue between the physician and her patient and answer the following questions.
- What is the patient’s illness?
- What is the physician’s advice?
- What dietary restrictions does the patient have?
Now check your understanding of the dialogue by doing the exercises in the tabs. Always consult a good dictionary or the vocabulary cards whenever you stumble upon difficult words.
Selamat pagi, Ibu dokter. | O. Selamat pagi. Masuk. Duduk dulu. Tunggu sebentar, ya. |
Terima kasih, Bu. | Nah, ada apa? Ibu sakit apa? |
Saya sakit tenggorokan barangkali, Bu. | Sakit tenggorokan? Hmmm. Buka mulut. Keluarkan lidah. Ucapkan “aaaahhhh”. |
Aaaahhhh! | Sekarang berdiri. Angkat tangan kanan. Angkat tangan kiri. Lihat ke atas. Baik, duduk lagi. |
Bagaimana, Ibu dokter? | Memang tenggorokan Ibu kelihatan merah. Sakit flu, barangkali. |
Apa yang sebaiknya saya lakukan? | Minum obat ini. Kalau sudah habis, beli obat lagi di apotek. |
Apakah saya boleh bekerja? | Jangan! Jangan masuk kantor dulu. Dan jangan keluar rumah pada malam hari. |
Baik, Bu dokter. Sebaiknya saya makan apa? | Pokoknya, jangan makan makanan yang pedas. Minum banyak air jeruk. O ya, jangan menonton televisi sampai larut malam. Tidur sebelum jam sembilan malam. Dan jangan mandi pada malam hari. |
Terima kasih, Ibu dokter. Saya kira sudah cukup. Berapa, Bu? | Lima puluh ribu. Bayar di depan. |
Terima kasih, Bu. Permisi. |
Role Play: Ordering Someone Around
In the above dialogue, a physician bluntly orders her patient to do several things… to come in, to sit, to wait, to open her mouth, to stick her tongue out, to say “aaaah”, to stand up, to raise her right arm, to raise her left arm, to look up, to sit down again.
With your tutor/teacher or with a classmate, imagine that you are a grim, humourless, poe-faced doctor with a diffident, eager-to-please, overly respectful patient. Act out the events of the dialogue. You should, of course, vary the order of the doctor’s commands and try to add one or two extra ones of your own. Don’t forget to reconstruct the last part of the dialogue in which the doctor instructs the patient what to do and what not to do in order to get well.
Make sure the role play is lively and humorous. Remember that the more energy you put into devising an entertaining role play, even a short one, the more your Indonesian will benefit.
New Vocabulary for this Lesson
Daftar Kata
- Please note that all vocabulary items printed in bold may appear in an exam!
- The book icon denotes words predominantly used in the written or formal register.
- A smiling face 🙂 denotes words that are predominantly used in the informal register.
ada apa? | what’s wrong?, what’s up?, what’s going on? |
apoték | a pharmacy |
mengingkar janji | to break a promise |
janji | promise, appointment |
mengeluarkan (•keluar) | to put something out, to emit, to issue, to give off, to expel |
mengembalikan (•kembali) | to return |
lidah | tongue |
makalah | essay, article |
papan tulis | blackboard |
pasién | patient |
memperhatikan (•hati) | to pay attention to |
perintah | an order, a command, an instruction |
permén | candy |
pilek | a cold, to have a cold |
Use the following flashcards to memorise the newly learned words.
ada apa?
[a]what’s wrong?
[q]apotek
[a]a pharmacy
[q]ingkar
[a]to break (a promise)
[q]janji
[a]promise, appointment
[q]keluarkan
[a]to put something out
[q]kembalikan
[a]to return
[q]lidah
[a]a tongue
[q]makalah
[a]essay, article
[q]meminjam
[a]to borrow something
[q]minyak
[a]oil
[q]papan tulis
[a]blackboard
[q]pasien
[a]patient
[q]perhatikan
[a]to pay attention to
[q]perintah
[a]an order, a command, an instruction
[q]permen
[a]candy
[q]pilek
[a]a cold, to have a cold
[q]pinjam
[a]to borrow something
[q]ucapkan
[a]to say something
[/qdeck]Contact Us
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