AB

«AnekaBaca» – an e-Learning Textbook for Intermediate Indonesian (CEF B1-B2)

Kegiatan 1 — Forum Diskusi

Map showing the bombing of Pearl Harbor

Submit answers to question 1. In a separate posting answer either question 2 or 3. You also have to reply to at least two postings of your classmates.

Kegiatan 2 — Membaca

Baca (Read)Dengarkan (Listen)Daftar Kata (Word List)

Gatra 34, 14 Juli 2001, hal.22.

Tragedi di Surga Hawaii

Kisah cinta berlatar belakang penyerangan Jepang ke Pearl Harbor. Dengan gambar-gambar spektakuler dan fakta yang tercampur aduk.

[1]Ahad pagi, 7 Desember 1941 itu, Pulau Oahu di Hawaii masih merupakan firdaus. Anak-anak tampak riang gembira, bermain di rerumputan yang masih basah oleh embun. Di rumah-rumah para ibu sibuk berbenah menyongsong siang. Tiba-tiba datanglah “neraka” itu. Di angkasa muncul pesawat tempur dan pembom Jepang, meraung dan terbang sangat rendah. Tak cuma satu tapi 183 unit.

[2] Pada awalnya, semua yang menyaksikan pemandangan itu cuma bisa bengong. Tapi, tak sampai semenit kemudian, suasana berubah panik. Para ibu terbirit-birit mencari anak-anaknya. Misa yang sedang berlangsung di gereja pun dihentikan. Orang-orang berlarian mencari perlindungan. Mereka baru sadar: inilah awal bencana yang, kemudian, mengubah jalan sejarah.

[3] Ratusan pesawat pembom Jepang itu ternyata menuju Pearl Harbor, pangkalan militer Amerika Serikat di Hawaii. Tanpa peringatan apa pun, mereka melancarkan serangan bertubi-tubi. Hasilnya Kapal induk Angkatan Laut Amerika, USS West Virginia, tenggelam, USS Oklahoma terbalik, dan USS Arizona meledak. Sebanyak 323 pesawat terbang militer Amerika berubah jadi arang. Lebih dari 2.300 jiwa – sipil dan militer – melayang dalam seketika.

[4] Tragedi Ahad pagi yang menyeret Amerika memasuki kancah Perang Dunia II, itulah yang dijadikan latar belakang film Pearl Harbor. Sejak diputar perdana pada 25 Mei lalu, film garapan Michael Bay [The Rock, Armageddon] ini sudah mengundang kontroversi. Para ahli sejarah mengkritik film dengan biaya produksi US$ 140 juta ini sebagai tidak akurat.

[5] ”Unsur sejarahnya sangat minim, banyak kesalahan dan faktanya tercampur aduk,” kata Harry Gailey, penulis buku War in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay. Gailey memberi contoh: “Pesawat-pesawat tempur buatan tahun 1940-an dalam film itu menggunakan teknologi komunikasi abad ke-21. Ini jelas nonsense!”

[6] Namun Michael Bay dan produser Jerry Bruckenheimer mengatakan, Pearl Harbour bukan film dokumenter, bukan pula pelajaran sejarah. Film ini, menurut mereka, dibuat lebih sebagai penghormatan bagi para korban tragedi Pearl Harbor. Makanya, Bay dan Bruckheimer lebih memilih label “kisah cinta” ketimbang ”film perang” untuk karya mereka.

[7] Genre drama percintaan yang dipilih Bay dan Bruckenheimer memang tidak meleset. Hampir dua pertiga film berdurasi tiga jam tiga menit itu memang memaparkan percintaan tiga tokoh sentral Pearl Harbor: Rafe McCawley (Ben Affleck), Danny Walker (Josh Hartnett), dan Evelyn Johnson (Kate Beckinsale).

Pesawat Pengebom Jepang (shutterstock)

[8] Dikisahkan, Rafe dan Danny adalah dua sahabat yang mengabdikan hidupnya menjadi pilot di Angkatan Udara Amerika. Suatu hari, Rafe memutuskan bergabung dengan Angkatan Udara Kerajaan Britania, RAF. Ia menjadi bagian dari Eagle Squadron – beranggotakan pilot-pilot sukarela dari berbagai negara netral, seperti Swedia dan Australia – dan terjun ke kancah pertempuran Inggris semasa Perang Dunia I.

[9] Keputusan Rafe memang perlu pengorbanan besar. Ia terpaksa meninggalkan kekasihnya, Evelyn, seorang perawat pada Angkatan Laut Amerika. Janjinyaakan kembali lagi. Ternyata, pesawat yang dikendalikannya tertembak,dan tenggelam di Selat Inggris. Danny menyampaikan kabar buruk ini kepadaEvelyn. Dan cerita selanjutnya pun gampang ditebak keduanya jatuh cinta.

[10] Waktu berlalu. Rafe tiba-tiba muncul. Reuni di malam menjelang Jepang menyerang Pearl Harbor ini cukup mengguncangkan. Sayang, penulis skenario Randal Wallace [Braveheart] tak mengolahnya lebih dalam. Pertemuan itu berhenti begitu saja, karena ketiganya lalu sibuk dengan urusan masing-masing. Rafe dan Danny bertempur, Evelyn berkutat dengan pasien-pasiennya.

[11] Kisah asmara segitiga ini pun akhirnya hambar, dan tidak berhasil menggugah emosi. Namun, satu hal yang patut dipuji dari film ini: gambar-gambar yang ditampilkan, terutama serangan Jepang di Pearl Harbor, sungguh spektakuler. Ledakan-ledakan yang diciptakan lewat 700 batang dinamit cukup meyakinkan. Asap hitam tebal yang dihasilkan dari naphthalene pun mampu menambah suasana mencekam.

Daftar Kata

• Please note that all vocabulary items printed in bold may appear in an exam!
• The letter denotes that this word is predominantly used in the formal register.

kisah	story (in spoken Indonesian cerita is more commonly used)
latar belakang	background
serang, peny-an	attack
campur aduk	mixed up
1
Ahad	Sunday
firdaus	Eden
tampak	to look, appear, seem
riang gembira	joyful, cheerful
rerumput, -an	grassy area, lawn
embun	dew
benah, ber-	to tidy up, clean up
songsong, meny-	to welcome, ‘greet the new day’
neraka	hell
angkasa	sky, space
pesawat tempur	jet-fighter
bom, pem-	bomber
raung, me-	roar
cuma	only
2
saksi, meny-kan	to witness, watch
bengong	dazed
suasana	atmosphere
birit, ter-2	hurriedly
misa	the Holy Mass
langsung, ber-	take place, go on
pun	The particle pun functions as a focusing adjunct emphasising the subject. In this case it is similar to juga and pula ‘also’, but in addition it emphasises that the Holy Mass was unexpectedly terminated. Therefore we can also translate pun as ‘even’ (cf. Sneddon 2.224-5)
lari, ber-an	running around (in large numbers)
lindung, per-an	shelter, protection
sadar	aware, conscious
bencana	disaster, catastrophe
sejarah	history
3
tuju, men-	to head for
pangkal, -an	base
ingat, per-an	warning
pun	apa ~ anything; tanpa peringatan apa pun, without any warning
lancar, me-kan	accelerate, speed up, launch
serang, -an	attack
tubi, ber-2	repeatedly
tenggelam	to sink
balik, ter-	be upside down , capsized
ledak, me-	explode
arang	charcoal
jiwa	soul
sipil	civil, civilian
layang, me-	to glide, float in/through the air. fly, jiwa ~ to die
ketika, se-	dalam seketika, instantly
4
tragédi	tragedy
sérét, meny-	to drag s.t. or s.o.
kancah	arena
putar, mem-	to turn, show (a film), play (a recording)
perdana	initial, inaugural; Sejak diputar perdana, since it was first screened for the first time
garap, -an	produced by
undang, meng-	to invite, provoke; mengundang kontroversi, invited controversy
ahli	expert
sejarah	history
kritik, meng-	to criticize
biaya	cost
akurat	acurate
5
unsur	element
minim	minimal
salah, ke-an	error, mistake
campur aduk, ter-	mixed up
abad	century
6
hormat, peng-an	honor
bagi	for ( = untuk)
korban	victim
pilih, me-	to choose; lebih ~ to prefer
kisah	story
timbang, ke-	(Coll.) compared with, than = daripada
karya	work, work product
7
melését	to miss the target
papar, mem-kan	to explain, set forth/out a case, to expose, spread out for all to see
tokoh	leading figure, important person
8
kisah, meng-kan	to narrate, tell
sahabat	friend (note the fine distinction between sahabat and teman. While teman can also mean ‘friend’, its essential meaning is ‘companion’)
abdi, meng-kan	to devote
angkat, -an	armed forces; ~ laut, navy;, ~ udara, air force
putus, mem-kan	to decide
gabung, ber-	to join
anggota, ber-kan	to consist of members; ~ pilot-pilot sukarela, consisting of volunteer pilots
tempur, per-an	battle; terjun ke kancah ~, joined battle, plunged into the heat of battle
9
putus, ke-an	decision
korban, peng-an	sacrifice
paksa, ter-	be forced to
tinggal, men-kan	to leave
kasih, ke-	girlfriend, sweetheart
lagi	again
nyata, ter-	apparently (in spoken Indonesian rupanya is more common than ternyata)
rawat, pe-	nurse
janji	promise
kendali, meng-kan	to have control over, to operate
témbak, ter-	shot down
selat	straits; Selat Inggris, The English Channel
pun	The particle pun links this sentence with the previous, while emphasising the subject (cerita).
gampang	easy
tebak, men-	guess
10
lalu, ber-	to pass by
muncul	to appear
jelang, men-	approaching; prior to, just before; di malam ~ Jepang menyerang Pearl Harbor, on the eve of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
serang, meny-	to attack
guncang, meng-kan	to shake. Here mengguncangkan functions as an adjective: cukup ~ quite moving
skénario	screenplay; penulis ~, screenwriter
olah, meng-	to process, i.e., take a raw material and turn it into a processed product. tak mengolahnya lebih dalam, he did not explore it any further
masing-masing	respective
tempur, ber-	to fight, be in combat
kutat, ber-	to be busy
11
asmara	love
segi	side
segi tiga	triangle
pun	The particle pun does here nothing but emphasising the subject kisah asmara segitiga.
hambar	tasteless, flat, insipid
gugah, meng-	to arouse, excite, stir up
patut	ought to, should
puji, mem-	praise
tampil, men-kan	to show, display
sungguh	truly, really
ledak, -an	explosion
yakin, me-kan	convincing
pun	The particle pun links this sentence with the previous sentence while emphasising the subject asap hitam tebal. Pun indicates an addition to the previous sentences: Not only were the explosions spectacular, but the thick black clouds also helped in creating a gripping atmosphere. Pun here has a imilar meaning as juga and pula ‘also’ (cf. Sneddon 2.225).
cekam, men-	gripping, tenacious

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 2

Kegiatan 3 — Tata Bahasa

Suffix -an and peN-an

In the above sentences the words serangan and penyerangan are both translated as “attack”.

This is not a singular occurrence but can be observed quite frequently:

The difference is that serangan and terjemahan refer to something which results from the action, whereas penyerangan and penerjemahan refer to the action of the corresponding transitive verb (menyerang, menerjemahkan) and can be translated as ‘the act of doing what the verb refers to’. Penyerangan is hence the act of carrying out an attack, and penerjemahan the act of translating something. Serangan and terjemahan, however, refer to the result from the action.

Dia menulis buku itu selama dua tahun. –> Penulisan buku itu memerlukan waktu dua tahun.
He wrote the book within two years. It took him two years to write (=for the writing) the book.

Penulisan here refers to the act of writing.

Tulisan here refers to the result of his writing, and can be translated, depending on the context, as ‘article’, ‘book’, ‘poem’ etc.

PeN-an nouns can hence often be translated by ‘-ing’ verbs. Serangan is attack, whereas penyerangan is attacking. Terjemahan is ‘translation’ whereas penerjemahan is ‘translating’. However, in English it is more common to use ‘attack’ and ‘translation’ for penerangan and penerjemahan.

A few more examples:

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 3

Kegiatan 4 — Mendengarkan

Berkunjung ke USS Arizona Memorial

Pada tanggal 11 November 2005 (yang kebetulan merupakan Veteran’s Day – hari libur umum di AS) Happy dan Mamiek mengunjungi USS Arizona Memorial di Pearl Harbor. Tempatnya tidak terlalu jauh dari tempat tinggalnya mereka di kampus Universitas Hawai’i. Sesudah perjalanan sekitar 25 menit Happy dan Mamiek sudah tiba di Pearl Harbor. Bagaimana pengalamannya?

Berikut ini percakapan antara Happy dan Mamiek mengenai kunjungannya ke Pearl Harbor. Sebelum mendengarkan rekaman, baca dulu teks berikut:

Mamiek (left) dan Happy dengan Aike, anak Pak Uli

Setiba di tempatnya ternyata sudah banyak orang yang antre untuk masuk ke monumen peninggalan Perang Dunia ke-2. Setelah mengambil karcis masuk kami harus menunggu sekitar 40 menit. Waktu itu kami manfaatkan untuk belanja cenderamata di toko suvenir.

Sebelum berangkat ke USS Arizona Memorial kami diharuskan menonton film mengenai sejarah serangan Jepang ke Pearl Harbor yang mengakibatkan kapal perang Arizona tenggelam dengan membawa korban lebih dari 1000 orang yang pada saat itu berada di Arizona.

Seusai menonton film kami langsung naik kapal dan setelah perjalanan yang makan waktu kira-kira sepuluh menit kami sudah tiba di USS Arizona Memorial yang dibangun pas di atas bangkai kapal itu.

Dari monumen terlihat badan kapal yang menjadi kuburan ratusan orang. Sebulan sesudah USS Arizona diserang diusahakan untuk mengangkat mayat dari kapal, tetapi hanya sekitar 240 mayat yang berhasil diangkat. Sisanya sampai sekarang masih tetap terkubur di dalam badan kapal.

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 4

Kegiatan 5 — Pekerjaan Rumah

Beberapa ungkapan yang berguna:

Contoh resensi film Indonesia dapat ditemukan di Filmindonesia.or.id.

Kegiatan 6 — Kosa Kata

Kegiatan 7 — Teka-Teki Cari Kata

Usahakan untuk menyelesaikan teka-teki ini dalam waktu kurang dari 3:00 menit.

Download Volume 1 (Lessons 1–15) of the textbook.

«AnekaBaca» – an e-Learning Textbook for Intermediate Indonesian (CEF B1-B2)

Bertelepon dengan “Sultan” (Masdi Sunardi)

Kegiatan 1 — Forum Diskusi

Apakah Anda – atau seorang kenalan Anda – pernah ditawarkan hadiah melalui email atau telefon atau pernah ditipu dengan cara yang lain?

Reply to at least three postings of your classmates.

Kegiatan 2 — Membaca

Baca (Read)Dengarkan (Listen)Daftar Kata (Word List)

Gatra, 21 Juli 2001

Sultan Berubah Rakus

Kraton Yogyakarta (© Hindrawan 2006)

Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X, Raja Yogyakarta, terkenal merakyat, suka berbicara dengan orang-orang kecil. Itulah yang diyakini Miyanto, 48 tahun, pegawai Radio Republik Indonesia Yogyakarta. Maka, ketika “Kanjeng Sultan” menelepon dirinya, Miyanto mempercayai 100%. Tapi gara-gara telepon itu, Miyanto menderita.

[2] Kejadiannya berlangsung 27 Juni. Kala itu, Miyanto sedang melamun, ingin mencari ganti mobil bus mini yang dijual dua pekan sebelumnya, seharga Rp 11 juta. Nah, teleponnya tiba-tiba berdering. Seorang laki-laki yang mengaku bernama Candra Wijaya meminta berbicara dengan istri Miyanto. Karena istrinya sedang mandi, Miyanto menanyakan maksud si penelepon. “Oh, sama Bapak juga boleh. Dalam rangka hari ulang tahun ke-474 kota Jakarta, PT Satelindo mengadakan undian berhadiah. Dan Ibu memenangkan hadiah mobil Kijang,” kata si Candra. Untuk itu, Miyanto diminta mengirimkan uang Rp 7 juta ke Lippo Bank nomor rekening 5471009581 atas nama Yunita.

[3] Sebenarnya Miyanto tidak percaya, mengingat ia sering membaca berita penipuan serupa itu di koran. Tapi Candra terus membujuk. “Silakan hubungi HP Sri Sultan jika Anda ragu-ragu,” katanya sambil menyebut nomor 08129999256. Miyanto dan istrinya pun bimbang.

Seorang Abdi Dalem (© Hindrawan 2006)

[4] Miyanto lalu menghubungi nomor tadi. “Ngarso Dalem, kulo Miyanto,”1 katanya gugup. Terdengarlah jawaban dari ujung telepon. “Dik, kamu kan di wilayah saya. Kalau mobilnya tak diambil, apa mobilnya dijadikan mobil dinas saja?” kata seseorang yang mengaku sebagai Sultan. Miyanto pun minder, tidak berani melanjutkan pembicaraan. Ia langsung pergi ke Lippo Bank di jalan Solo dan mentransfer sejumlah uang yang diminta.

[5] Sesampai di rumah, “Sri Sultan” ternyata menelepon lagi. “Mohon ditambah Rp 3 juta untuk biaya pengiriman,” katanya. Kontan Miyanto sadar, dirinya telah ditipu. “Masak ada sultan rakus begitu,” kata Miyanto kepada Sawariyanto dari Gatra. Ketika Miyanto mencoba memblokir transfer, uangnya sudah raib melalui ATM.

[6] Miyanto menyesal. Namun, kejadian itu tak membuat penghormatannya surut kepada Sri Sultan yang asli. Apalagi, Sultan lalu memberi penjelasan di koran. “Kalau ada orang yang mengaku memberi katabelece2, pasti bohong,” katanya. Inggih, Ngarso Dalem!3

---

Catatan Kaki:
1 Your Majesty, I am Miyanto.
2 Katabelece: (Jav.) endorsement
3 Inggih, Ngarso Dalem: (Jav.) Yes, your Majesty.

Daftar Kata

• Please note that all vocabulary items printed in bold may appear in an exam!
• The letter denotes that this word is predominantly used in the formal register.

ubah, ber-	to change
rakus	greedy
1
rakyat, me-	to be close to the people
orang-orang kecil	common, ordinary people
yakin, me-i	to be convinced about s.t.
pegawai	employee, official or govt. employee
Kanjeng	(Javanese) form of address or reference for a high-ranking noble
percaya, mem-i	to believe in, to trust in, to have faith in
gara-gara	just because of
derita, men-	to suffer
2
jadi, ke-an	incident
langsung, ber-	to take place
kala	time
lamun, me-	to muse, daydream
ganti	replacement
pekan	week
dering, ber-	to ring
aku, meng-	to claim to be; to identify oneself as
tanya, men-kan	to inquire about
maksud	intention, purpose
rangka	dalam rangka, in the framework/scope/context of
ulang tahun	anniversary
undi, -an	lottery, raffle
hadiah	prize
undian berhadiah	lottery with prizes
menang, me-kan	to win (a prize etc.)
rékening	bank account
3
ingat, meng-	considering, in consideration of
tipu, pen-an	deception, fraud. Here: scam
rupa, se-	similar
koran	newspaper
bujuk, mem-	to persuade s.o., to trick
HP	[Hand Phone] cellular phone
ragu-ragu	uncertain, in doubt, hesitant
bimbang	worried, anxious, hesitant
4
gugup	nervous, panicky, jittery
ujung	end. di ujung telepon, from the other end of the line
wilayah	district
dinas	service, agency (of the government),official. Mobil dinas, official car
minder	to feel inferior
5
sampai, se-	upon arriving
biaya	cost, expenses
sadar	conscious
masak	(also spelt masa) used to express the speaker’s doubt or disbelief about s.t. that she has just heard, learned, or noticed. It’s hard to believe that. No, impossible!
rakus	greedy
blokir, mem-	to freeze (a bank account), suspend
raib	vanished, disappeared, gone
kontan	at that very moment
6
sesal, meny-	to regret
surut	diminished, lessened
asli	original
jelas, pen-an	clarification
katabelece	(Javanese) endorsement
bohong	lie
inggih, Ngarso Dalem	(Javanese) Yes, your Majesty

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 2

Kegiatan 3 — Kosa Kata (Word Study)

Mengingat

Mengingat is a word that you know already in its meaning “to remember”:

In the context of the following sentences, however, mengingat has a different meaning, namely “considering, in (the)light of (something)”:

Other examples are:

Dalam rangka

The basic meaning of the word rangka is “skeleton”, but it can also mean “frame, framework” as in rangka mobil “chassis”.
Dalam rangka is an idiom meaning “in the framework of” or “as part of the effort”:

Atas

You certainly know atas as a locative preposition as in Di atas meja ada buku “There is a book on the table”. The preposition atas does not always translate as “on”, but often also as “in”, “for”, “to”, or “of”:

Kegiatan 4 — Pekerjaan Rumah

Tugas 1

Tugas 2

• Si penelpon ingin berbicara dengan istri Miyanto. (Anggaplah istri Miyanto bernama Tuti)
• Miyanto menanyakan siapa yang menelpon dan maksudnya menelpon.
• Miyanto menunjukkan keraguan-raguan terhadap ucapan si penelpon.

Tugas 3

dan seterusnya…

Kegiatan 5 — Kosa Kata

Kegiatan 6 — Teka-Teki Cari Kata

Usahakan untuk menyelesaikan teka-teki ini dalam waktu kurang dari 3:00 menit.

Pelajaran 30 — Perkara Saudara

«AnekaBaca» – an e-Learning Textbook for Intermediate Indonesian (CEF B1-B2)

Polisi menerima pesan radio (Masdi Sunardi).

Kegiatan 1 — Forum Diskusi

Submit answers to the discussion forum and reply to at least two postings of your classmates.

Kegiatan 2 — Membaca

Baca (Read)Dengarkan (Listen)Daftar Kata (Word List)

Gatra, 14 April 2001

Romantika Indonesia: Perkara Saudara-Saudara

Pencuri dikejar polisi (Masdi Sunardi).

[1] Brigadir Kepala Yiyi Sukma, 40 tahun, berleha-leha di kediamannya di Desa Ubruk, Kecamatan Warungkiara, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Kepala Unit Resintel Kepolisian Sektor Cikembar itu asyik mendengarkan radio CB-nya, Jumat tiga pekan lalu.

[2] Walaupun sedang tidak bertugas, Yiyi tentu harus selalu memantau perkembangan keamanan di wilayahnya. Tiba-tiba, melintas informasi dari Kepolisian Resor Sukabumi. “Telah terjadi tindak kejahatan di kota Sukabumi. Sebuah mobil Suzuki Escudo dicuri dari tempat parkir,” kata pelapor.

[3] Lewat radio CB pula, terdengar kabar pula bahwa mobil itu dipacu sang pencuri menuju wilayah Cikembar. Tak pikir panjang, Yiyi sigap menyambar sepeda motornya hendak mengejar pencuri. Ia menunggu di tepi jalan, tak jauh dari rumahnya. Kebetulan, jalan menuju ke daerah wisata Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, itu hanya satu-satunya. Tak bercabang-cabang, meski berkelok-kelok dan penuh lubang.

[4] Tak berapa lama Suzuki yang diincar pun tiba. Yiyi menguntit di belakang. Tiba-tiba Suzuki tambah gas, melesat kencang. Terjadilah kejar-mengejar bak dalam film laga. Sampai di wilayah Desa Cigombong, Kecamatan Warungkiara, pengendara Suzuki tak mampu menguasai setir.

Si pencuri menabrak salon (Masdi Sunardi).

[5] Braak! Suzuki nyelonong menabrak Salon Rina di pinggir jalan. Berbagai peralatan kecantikan porak-poranda, termasuk perangkat dan hiasan penganten. Sang pencuri diciduk. Tapi, Yiyi terperangah. Sang pencuri tak lain adalah Rianto — sebut saja begitu, 18 tahun. Siswa kelas 2 STM itu masih keluarga jauh Yiyi.

[6] Kehebohan berlanjut. Perangkat penganten yang ditabrak Rianto sebenarnya buat upacara pernikahan adik kandung Yiyi sendiri. Maka, Yiyi tak dapat menahan emosinya. Begitu juga kerabat Yiyi lainnya yang datang merubung. Mereka mengeroyok Rianto.

[7] Remaja tanggung itu babak belur. Ia lalu dilarikan ke Puskesmas Warungkiara oleh warga sekitar. Eh, tak dinyana, petugas puskesmas, Redi, nyeletuk, “Lho, ini kan masih kerabat saya,” katanya.Oalah.

Daftar Kata

• Please note that all vocabulary items printed in bold may appear in an exam!
• The letter denotes that this word is predominantly used in the formal register.

1
Brigadir kepala	head brigadier
léha-léha, ber-	(Jav.) to do s.t. at one’s leisure, relax, a pleasant idleness
diam, ke-an	residence, home, abode
camat, ke-an	district (administrative unit below the kabupaten level)
kabupaten	residency (administrative unit below the provinsi level)
Résintél	[Résérse dan Intélijén] Investigation and Intelligence
asyik	absorbed/engrossed in, (to listen) attentively
dengar, men-kan	to listen to
CB	[Citizen’s Band] citizen’s band radio
pekan	week, market
2
tugas, ber-	to be on duty
pantau, mem-	to monitor
kembang, per-an	developments, growth, progress, course of events
aman, ke-an	security, safety
wilayah	domain, territory, district
tiba-tiba	suddenly
lintas, me-	to pass quickly (in front of s.o.)
polisi, ke-an	police authorities
résor	precinct
tindak	act
jahat, ke-an	crime
curi, men-	to steal
lapor, pe-	reporter
3
léwat	via, by
dengar, ter-	heard, can be heard
pacu, mem-	accelerate, speed up
sang	honorific article preceding the names of Gods, monarchs etc. (here used in an ironic way)
tuju, men-	to head for
sigap	skillful, dexterous. Here: quickly
sambar, meny-	to grab
héndak	be going, about to
kejar, meng-	to chase
tepi	side, edge
betul, ke-an	coincidentally
tuju, men-	heading toward
daerah	district, area, zone
wisata	excursion, trip; daerah wisata, tourist zone
satu-satunya	the only one
cabang, ber-2	branch off, split, fork in many different directions
meski	although, but
kélok, ber-2	winding (of a road)
lubang	hole
4
incar, meng-	to aim, target
kuntit, meng-	to trail, tail, shadow
tambah gas	to accelerate
lesat, me-	to fly along at a high speed (of cars)
kencang	quick, fast
kejar-mengejar	to chase each other
bak	like, resembling
film laga	action film
kendara, peng-	driver
mampu	to be able to
kuasa, meng-i	to have control over, to control
setir	steering wheel (of car)
5
nyelonong	to enter (the wrong street, etc) (all of a sudden)
tabrak, men-	to run into, collide with
pinggir	side
bagai, ber-	various, diverse, a number of
alat, per-an	equipment
porak-poranda	messy, chaotic, totally destroyed
perangkat	apparatus, tool, instrument
hias, -an	decoration
penganten (= pengantin)	bride and bridegroom
ciduk, men-	to arrest, apprehend
perangah, ter-	perplexed
sebut, meny-	tocall, name; sebut saja begitu, let’s call him like that (in order not to mention the real name)
siswa	pupil, student
STM	[Sekolah Tehnik Menengah] technical high school
keluarga jauh	distant relative
6
héboh, ke-an	tumult, upheavel, scandal
lanjut, ber-	to continue
buat	for
upacara	ceremony
nikah, per-an	wedding
kandung	uterus; adik kandung (younger) sibling by the same parents, full (younger) brother or sister
kerabat	relative, member of the family
tahan, men-	to hold back, constrain
rubung, me-	to approach in a large group
keroyok, meng-	to attack in a mob, gang up on
7
remaja	adolescent, youngster
tanggung	not quite adequate/enough (in quantity size etc.); remaja tanggung (between adolescent and adult age)
babak belur	(to beat s.o.) black and blue
lari, me-kan	to rush s.o. (off to)
Puskesmas	[Pusat Keséhatan Masyarakat] local health clinic
warga	members (of a village, etc.)
kitar, se-	vicinity, neighbourhood
nyana, me-	(usually in passive) to think, believe; tak dinyana, unsuspected
celetuk, (me)ny-	to interrupt
lho	at the beginning of a sentence expresses surprise at discovering/learning s.t.
oalah (= oalaah)	oh my God!

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 2

Kegiatan 3 — Pekerjaan Rumah

Kegiatan 4 — Kosa Kata

Kegiatan 5 — Teka-Teki Cari Kata

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«AnekaBaca» – an e-Learning Textbook for Intermediate Indonesian (CEF B1-B2)

Kegiatan 1 — Prabaca

Read the following article before you continue with Kegiatan 2.

Kegiatan 2 — Forum Diskusi

Tugas 1

Reply to at least two postings of your classmates.

Tugas 2

Reply to at least two postings of your classmates.

Kegiatan 3 — Catatan Budaya

Sunnah

In Indonesia circumcision is known as sunat derived from the Arabic word sunnah. Sunnah means ‘a way’, and therefore, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad means the Way of the Prophet, or, more commonly, the traditions of the prophet. The Tradition is contained in collections of stories of Muhammad’s life in which he is recorded as doing, saying, or observing (and commenting on) various things. Over the centuries, these stories have been interpreted in various ways and, together with the Qur’an, they form the basis of Islamic law.

The word sunnah/sunat has a secondary meaning as well. In Islamic law, human actions are divided into five categories, i.e. obligatory, recommended, neutral, discouraged and forbidden. The second of these categories, recommended, may also be referred to as sunnah (i.e., acts from the Sunnah Tradition that are sunnah – recommended but not demanded of the faithful). Among the practices prescribed in the law are regulations to control such things as prayer, cleanliness, business practices and religious rites, including circumcision. The technical term for circumcision is not actually sunat, but khitan. Sometimes different schools or interpretations of Islamic law interpret a particular act as sunnah (optional but meritorious) while others consider it to be obligatory (wajib). Such is the case with male circumcision, though in contemporary Indonesia it is usually regarded as an obligation.

Khilafiyah

Islam is different from Christianity in that it does not have either formal institutions or an ultimate authority. Differences of opinion (khilafiyah) are common, and hence it is not surprising that Muslim scholars (ulama) have considerably different opinions about what Muslims should and should not adhere to. The consumption of pork, for instance, is regarded as haram (forbidden), and there is not a single Muslim scholar who would dispute this. Other issues, however, are subject to an ongoing debate, and this includes female circumcision.

Although the consumption of pork is clearly haram, it can be halal (allowed) when there is no other food but pork to consume. In this case – preventing a person of dying from starvation – the consumption of pork is not only halal but its consumption even becomes a requirement (wajib). In this respect the Islamic religion is not dogmatic, but very pragmatic.

An Early Account of Female Circumcision in Java

“The circumcision of a girl is done secretly in the bedroom by a native midwife (dukun beranak). Nobody but the mother of the girl, or, if the mother has died, the aunt or oldest sister may be present. From what is told by the midwifes one can conclude that it actually is an incomplete circumcision for just a minor part (a spot) of the clitoris is removed by the means of a bamboo knife held against a piece of turmeric which the midwife holds in her left hand. This results in virtually no bleeding at all. The wound heals without any treatment within two days. The age of the circumcised girls is between seven and eight years. The ceremonies are almost the same as in the case of the circumcision of boys.”

Source: Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Vol 60, 1921, p.427 (Translated from the Dutch language by U. Kozok).    

Kegiatan 4 — Membaca

Baca (Read)Dengarkan (Listen)Daftar Kata (Word List)

Disadur dari “Hikmah” – Suplemen PIKIRAN RAKYAT Khusus Keluarga (24 Mei 2003) dan sumber lainnya.

Pro-Kontra Khitan Perempuan

[1] Khitan bagi anak perempuan yang telah dilakukan selama bertahun-tahun di Indonesia kini mengalami pro dan kontra, diperlukan atau tidak, terutama setelah pemerintah Indonesia mengambil kebijakan WHO (Badan Kesehatan Dunia) untuk tidak membolehkan adanya ketentuan khitan bagi perempuan karena dinilai bertentangan dengan Hak Azasi Manusia (HAM).

Khitan Perempuan in Berastagi, 1991.

[2] Khitan perempuan dibagi dalam dua kelompok yakni clitoridectomy yang menghilangkan sebagian atau seluruh klitoris dan sebagian bibir kecil vagina (labia minora). Cara lainnya adalah infibulation dengan menghilangkan seluruh klitoris serta sebagian atau seluruh labia minora lalu labia minora dijahit dan hampir menutupi seluruh vagina. Bagian terbuka disisakan sedikit sebesar jari kelingking untuk pembuangan darah menstruasi, dan saat perempuan menikah dipotong atau dibuka lagi.

[3] Para antropolog mengungkapkan praktik khitan telah populer di masyarakat Mesir kuno dibuktikan dengan penemuan mumi perempuan pada abad ke-16 SM yang memiliki tanda clitoridectomy Dengan demikian pelaksanaan khitan perempuan telah berlangsung lama sebelum kedatangan Islam terutama di lembah Nil yakni Sudan, Mesir, dan Ethiopia.

[4] Khitan di Indonesia tidak seperti di Sudan yang menghilangkan seluruh klitoris lalu menjahit rapat-rapat vagina. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, termasuk Banten, Gorontalo, Makassar, dan Padang Sidempuan, memperlihatkan praktik khitan perempuan amat beragam. Meski tidak seperti di Sudan, namun banyak keluhan yang diterima dari kaum perempuan yang kehilangan kepuasan seksual.

[5] Menurut para aktivis perempuan dan medis khitan perempuan merupakan suatu tindakan yang bisa merusak
hak reproduksi perempuan.  "Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir tuntutan penghapusan praktik khitan bagi perempuan makin menguat karena dinilai dapat merusak hak reproduksi kaum perempuan dan merampas kesehatan serta kepuasan seksual," kata aktivis Population Council, Lila Amalia, M.Kes.

[6] Dalam pandangan staf Menneg Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dra. Rini Mardjono, persoalan khitan bagi perempuan di Indonesia sudah menjadi bagian pembicaraan dunia sehingga pemerintah tak bisa mengelak. "Sebagai bagian dari dunia, apalagi sudah masuk era globalisasi, Indonesia tidak akan bisa melepaskan diri dari ketentuan WHO tentang masalah khitan bagi perempuan. Namun, sampai saat ini masyarakat tak sepenuhnya taat kepada aturan WHO," ujarnya. "Namun, pemerintah juga tidak langsung bisa melarang kaum Muslim sebab dalam kenyataannya ketentuan khitan bagi perempuan tetap berjalan di masyarakat. Malah diyakini sebagai kewajiban minimal sunah Nabi Muhammad," katanya.

[7] Pendapat para ulama di Indonesia soal khitan perempuan terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama mewajibkannya, yang kedua menganggapnya sebagai sunah, sementara kelompok ketiga menilainya sebagai kehormatan (mubah). Masalahnya soal khitan perempuan tidak disebut dalam Al Quran, tetapi ada dalam beberapa hadis – namun banyak di antaranya dianggap da’if atau lemah.

[8] Walaupun pemerintah Indonesia mendukung kebijakan WHO untuk tidak membolehkan khitan perempuan, praktik-praktik khitan perempuan yang berlangsung di tengah-tengah masyarakat juga tetap diperbolehkan dengan syarat harus melalui cara-cara yang benar dan memakai alat yang benar dan steril.

Photo © Uli Kozok, 1991. Prof. Kozok witnessed the ceremony of a female circumcision at our neighbour’s house in Berastagi, North Sumatra, in 1991. The procedure was carried out by a dukun (traditional healer) using a rasor blade. The part of the clitoris that was removed was a slice so small that it was hardly visible. The baby cried for a short moment, and the whole procedure seemed to be more like a symbolic act. Both dukun and the child were Javanese. The ceremony itself was very simple and attended by the mother. On the request of U. Kozok, he and his wife were allowed to witness the circumcision.

Daftar Kata

• Please note that all vocabulary items printed in bold may appear in an exam!
• The letter denotes that this word is predominantly used in the formal register.

1
khitan	circumcision
kini	now, at the present moment
bijak, ke-an	policy, measure (taken)
boléh, mem-kan	to alow, permit
ada, -nya	the existence of
tentu, ke-an	provision (of a contract, etc)
hak	right
nilai, me-	to believe, think, consider
tentang, ber-an	to be in conflict with
HAM	[Hak Asasi Manusia] human fundamental rights
2
yakni	namely, i.e.
hilang, meng-kan	to make s.t. or a person disappear or go away
jahit, men-	to sew (up)
tutup, men-i	to cover
sisa, meny-kan	to leave over
jari kelingking	pinky, little finger
nikah, me-	to marry
3
ungkap, meng-kan	to pronounce, state, express
Mesir	Egypt
temu, pen-an	discovery
SM	Sebelum Masehi, before Christ (BC)
laksana, pe-an	execution, implementing, action
langsung, ber-	to take place
lembah	valley
4
rapat-rapat	tightly
amat	very
ragam, be-	diverse, varied
keluh, -an	sigh, lamentation, what is said in complaint
puas, ke-an	satisfaction, contentment
5
para	collective plural article for human beings
médis	medical
tindak, -an	action, act, step
rusak, me-	to destroy, damage
tuntut, -an	demand, claim, petition
hapus, peng-an	annihilation, eradication, abolition
makin	increasingly
kuat, meng-	to grow stronger
rampas, me-	to snatch (away), violate (one’s rights)
6
pandang, -an	viewpoint, opinion
Ménnég	= Menteri Negara, Ministry of State
daya, pember-an	empowerment
élak, meng-	to dodge, duck, avoid, escape, get away from doing s.t.
taat	obedient
ujar, -nya	=katanya, she said
yakin, me-i	to believe (in), be convinced that
wajib, ke-an	obligation
sunah	(Isl) the path or way of the prophet, commendable (as it follows the teachings and practices of Muhammad as reported by tradition)
nabi	prophet
7
ulama	( A plural form of Alim but often used as a singular) ulema, learned man, Islamic scholar, theologian in Islamic matters.
mubah	(Isl.) neutral, neither forbidden nor required
hadis	(Isl.) traditional collection of stories relating words or deeds of the prophet Muhammad; the chief source of guidance for understanding religious questions
da’if	weak
lemah	weak
8
langsung, ber-	to happen, occur, take place
boléh, memper-kan	to permit, allow
syarat	condition, requirement
cara	way, method

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 4

Kegiatan 5 — Mendengarkan

Wawancara berikut dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Desember 2005 di Universitas Hawaii (Manoa). Mamiek dan Amin Abdullah (Bang Amin) diwawancarai oleh Hesti Ratna Hapsari (Happy) tentang pelaksanaan khitan perempuan di Indonesia.

Latihan Interaktif untuk Kegiatan 5

Kegiatan 6 — Tata Bahasa

The Circumfix ke-an

1. Abstract Nouns

In our text there is a large number of words based on the circumfix ke-…-an which forms nouns from adjectives and verbs. Such nouns are generally of an abstract nature:

2. Adversative

Although kehilangan can be an abstract noun in the meaning of ‘loss’, this is certainly not the case in our text and the interview:

In these two cases kehilangan is not a noun, but a verb.

The circumfix ke-an can, besides forming abstract nouns, also form adversative verbs indicating that the subject undergoes an unpleasant or undesired experience or event.

Note that kematian can also be an abstract noun in the meaning of ‘death’.

Although grammar books tend to treat abstract nouns formed with ke-an completely separate from ke-an adversatives, it is in fact sometimes difficult to decide whether a ke-an form is an abstract noun or an adversative verb:

In our interview we have another example where the line between abstract noun or an adversative verb is blurred:

Now let us compare this sentence with the following:

Although in the first instance kerugian appears to clearly be an abstract noun, in the context of the sentence it does not mean ‘loss’ but refers to the suffering of loss. They suffer because they are deprived of sexual pleasure.

Kegiatan 7 — Complimentary Reading

Egypt death sparks debate on female circumcision

MAGHAGHA, Egypt (Reuters) – It was a routine procedure undertaken by thousands of Egyptian girls every year, but something went wrong and Budour Ahmed Shaker died while having her genitals cut in a rite known locally as “purification”.

The death of the 11-year-old schoolgirl at a private clinic in the Egyptian village Mughagha in June prompted the government to outlaw the custom of female genital mutilation, which is so widespread in Egypt that 95 percent of the country’s women are estimated to have undergone the procedure.

But the ban may be hard to enforce and activists fear the practise may go underground as the vast majority of Egyptian families still view circumcision as necessary to protect girls’ chastity. Most girls are cut by the time they reach puberty.

Even in Mughagha, a village of low rise houses hemming the Nile, many women and girls say they want the procedure to be allowed but under more stringent medical supervision.

“If a girl is not purified, she will just go hook up with men. This protects women’s honour. Otherwise it will become just like America here and girls will go with guys,” said Asma Said, a 16-year-old secondary school student.

“Those who say it doesn’t happen are lying 100 percent. There is not one person here not circumcised, and it will continue.”

She like many of the schoolgirls in Maghagha who spoke to Reuters said they supported the practice, even if they were frightened of having it done.

The only girl who spoke against the practice was shouted down by her classmates until she conceded that genital cutting was a necessity. 

“No one can get married without it,” said the girl.

Another classmate, 15-year-old Nesma Radi, chimed in: “Egypt lives in peace and security because there is circumcision.”

Egypt imposed a complete ban on female genital cutting — also known as female genital mutilation or circumcision — in June after Shaker died of an excessive dose of anaesthesia while being cut at a private clinic in Maghagha.

Egypt’s state-appointed Grand Mufti, the government’s official arbiter of Islamic law, decreed in June that female genital cutting was forbidden by Islam, in his strongest statement yet against the practice.

In Egypt, the cutting is done on both Muslim and Christian girls and typically involves excising the clitoris and sometimes other female genitalia, often by a doctor. Side effects include haemorrhage, shock and sexual dysfunction.

Outside of Egypt and Sudan to the south, the practice is extremely rare elsewhere in most of the Arab world but is common in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia.

More than 95 percent of Egyptian women had been circumcised, with the highest levels in poor families living in rural areas of the Nile valley in southern Egypt, according to an Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2005.

The highly publicised death of Budour Shaker at the start of what activists call Egypt’s “circumcision season”, spanning the hot summer months when school is out of session, prompted Cairo to close a legal loophole that had allowed doctors to perform the rite for documented “health reasons”.

Like Shaker, nearly three quarters of girls who are circumcised in Egypt are cut by medical personnel, including doctors and nurses who receive fees of 50 to 500 Egyptian pounds ($8.85 to $88.50), activists say.

They say that a handful of girls die each season — either because they receive an improper dose of anaesthesia or from haemorrhage or other complications.

“Some doctors, so that they feel better about themselves and more ethical in a way, say: ‘I’ll prick her’ so she bleeds and her parents are happy… I’ve heard a lot of doctors saying if I don’t do it they will go to my fellow doctor who will do it,” said Yasmine Wahba, child protection officer at UNICEF.

“I think it’s cuckoo,” she added, referring to the logic. She said she feared the practice may now be driven underground.

Even after the government imposed its full ban on the practice, the procedures continue to happen, although an Egyptian anti-circumcision activist in southern Egypt said doctors were now demanding higher prices to compensate for increased risk.

In the southern town of Edfu, a 7-year-old girl was brought to hospital in July after she haemorrhaged while being cut in a village clinic, the health ministry said.

Health authorities are investigating reports that a nurse in a town south of Cairo had cut the genitals of three girls in a single day in procedures done in their homes. The ministry said the woman, who confessed, could face up to two years in jail.

“At least the doctors will be scared,” Wahba said. “They will be scared because there is a lot of talk now of enforcing the law.”

Source: Reuters India, Author: Cynthia Johnston, Date: 21/08/2007

The above article, originally published by Reuters India, was reprinted in the Malaysian New Sunday Time in a slightly modified version under the title “Girl’s death puts focus on female circumsision” (26 August 2007, page 49). The article was changed in a way that the Malay reader must have believed that the article was written in Malaysia. The sentence “Even in Mughagha, a village of low rise houses hemming the Nile, many women and girls say they want the procedure to be allowed but under more stringent medical supervision”, for instance, was changed to “Even here, many women and girls…” to give the reader the impression that “here” refers to Malaysia, and that the interviewee, Asma Said, was a Malaysian girl. The sentence “Another classmate, 15-year-old Nesma Radi, chimed in: ‘Egypt lives in peace and security because there is circumcision'” was completely removed to uphold the notion that the interview respondents were local Malays.

Female circumsion is also widespread in Malaysia, and what is said in the article could indeed also be valid for Malaysia.

Kegiatan 8 — Pekerjaan Rumah

Kegiatan 9 — Kosa Kata

Kegiatan 10 — Teka-Teki Cari Kata

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