Watch the video and answer the following questions (delman=horse cart):
Taman Pantai Berkas Ramai Pengunjung
Reduplication of verbs
With some verbs, reduplication conveys a sense of action performed in a casual or leisurely manner:
duduk sit duduk-duduk sit around, relax
berjalan walk berjalan-jalan walk around, go for a stroll, travel leisurely
melihat see melihat-lihat browse, have a look around
For a more detailed discussion of verb reduplication, see Sneddon 1.19pp.
Selain ‘apart from; besides; in addition to’ in the main clause is often followed by juga ‘also’ in the subordinate clause:
Selain keindahan panorama pantai, objek wisata itu juga menyediakan berbagai mainan anak-anak.
Apart from the beauty of the ocean view, this tourist spot also provides various playground equipment.
The following example is taken from an article about climate change:
Selain Jakarta, tiga kota Asia Tenggara lainnya juga terancam tenggelam.
Besides Jakarta, three more Southeast Asian cities are in danger of sinking.
Indefinite Numbers
The above newspaper article contains a number of indefinite numbers. You certainly already know semua ‘all’, banyak ‘many’, and setiap ‘every’. This article introduces three more indefinite numbers: berbagai ‘various’, aneka ‘various, all sorts of’, and salah seorang ‘one of’. Apart from salah seorang, there is also salah satu ‘one of’ that is used for items and not for humans.
Nominalisation with -nya
In our text, we have three nominalisations with -nya where the adjective with attached -nya is preceded by dengan and followed by a possessive noun. Twice the nominalised adjective is adanya ‘existence, presence’, and once it is banyaknya ‘plenitude; abundance’.
Sejak adanya Taman Pantai Berkas, pendapatan mereka naik.
Since the Pantai Berkas Park was opened, their incomes have increased. (Lit. Since the existence…)
Dengan adanya taman tersebut pendapatan kami bertambah.
Due to the presence of the park, our incomes have increased.
Sukma senang dengan banyaknya pengunjung karena penjualannya meningkat.
Sukma is pleased with the large number of visitors because their sales have gone up.
Other examples of nominalised adjectives are:
Menara Eifel, tingginya 324m.
The Eiffel Tower is 324m tall. (Lit. The height of the Eiffel Tower is 324m)
Karena pintarnya, anak itu diterima di universitas terbaik.
Because of her intelligence, she was admitted to the best university.
Mereka tidak peduli dengan derasnya hujan saat itu.
They didn’t care about the heavy rain back then. (Lit. … with the heaviness of the rain.)
Dengan manisnya ia memandang wajah ibuku.
Sweetly, she looked at my mother’s face. (Lit. With sweetness…)
Sambil & Sementara
You most likely already know the coordinating conjunctions dan ‘and’, atau ‘or’, tetapi, akan tetapi, tapi ‘but’, lalu and kemudian ‘then’, and serta ‘and, as well’. Two more coordinating conjunctions appear here: sambil and sementara ‘while’. Even though they both translate as ‘while’, there is a subtle difference between the two: sambil is used when one person performs two activities at the same time, or, in other words, the two verbal clauses have the same subject, the second being obligatorily ellipted:
Warga yang ingin menikmati keindahan panorama pantai, sambil duduk-duduk menikmati beragam aneka makanan dan minuman…
The residents that want to enjoy the coastal views while relaxing and enjoying the various foods and drinks…
…ujarnya sambil tersenyum…
…she said while smiling…
Kami betah duduk-duduk di sini sambil ngobrol dengan teman-teman…
We love sitting here while chatting with friends…
Sementara is used when two people perform two actions at the same time:
Ayah duduk-duduk di kebun sementara ibu memasak di dapur.
Father sits in the garden while mother cooks in the kitchen.
Sementara can also be used in the same way as sedangkan ‘while, whereas’ which tends to be more contrastive:
Sementara salah seorang penjual minuman, Sukma, senang dengan banyaknya pengunjung…
Whereas one of the beverage vendors, Sukma, enjoys the many visitors…
Go to the Internet and in your favorite search engine, type “sambil site:kompas.com”. This will take you to the national newspaper Kompas. Find five sentences that contain sambil and translate them into English. Then do the same, but this time search for sedangkan.
Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right.
Review and memorise the following words.